ELI5: How Do Predators Avoid Sickness from Prey's Feces?

This is a fascinating biological question that many people likely wonder about. Predators that swallow prey whole (e.g., snakes, some birds, certain fish) have digestive systems specifically adapted to handle varied contents. Their stomach acids are often incredibly potent, capable of dissolving bones, fur, and other tough materials, including bacteria present in the prey's gut. Their immune systems are also adapted to resist common pathogens found in their typical diet. Additionally, some animals will eviscerate larger prey, avoiding the digestive tract, or expel indigestible parts later (like owls spitting pellets).